HSRW EOLab Wiki

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===== Build ======
{{ :amc2022:grouph:voltage_divider.jpeg?nolink&400 |}}
| //**figure 5.1**// Setup showing the connections for battery voltage reading on ESP32 | 

===== Schematics =====

{{ :amc2022:grouph:batt_schematics.png?nolink&400 |}}
| //**figure 5.2**// Schematic for battery voltage reading | 

===== Code & Description ======

<code c++>

*//Reading of voltage is done by the Analog Pin reader.
*//Because the max input voltage on the pins is 3.3 V we cant directly read the 9V battery voltage.

 int potPin = A0;         // Analog pin has to be ADC 1, because ADC 2 are used by wifi and wont work
int potValue;            
float voltage =0;         // float because its a decimal number not integer
float battery_percent;

void setup() {
  
  Serial.begin(115200);


  {
  
  potValue = analogRead(potPin);
  float voltage = (3.3/4095.0) * potValue * 2.73;        
  
  
  *//Resistors and other components can have a varying number of outputs, although they are usually minimal
  *//additional calibration has to be done in order to get accurate readings
  *//We have found that the use of a multimeter will help in determining the values that will provide best outcomes
  *//Because we have different boards, resistors and setups, the final code could have alterations in the calibrating numbers
  
  Serial.print("potValue:");                
  Serial.print(potValue);                   


*//While the serial monitor output can be changed, we are more interested is in the overall result which is transmitted 
*//to Grafana for easy access

  
  Serial.print(" Voltage:");
  Serial.print(voltage);
  Serial.println("V");  



  battery_percent = mapfloat(voltage, 3.0, 9.0, 0 , 100); // min value cut off at 6V and maximum voltage is 9V
  
  if (battery_percent > 100)
  {
    battery_percent = 100;
  }
  if (battery_percent < 0)
  {
    battery_percent = 0;
  }

*//For the conversion between the actual Analog reading to a percentage we use a mapFloat function
*//It uses the input range from the analog sensor to produce another set of useful values
*//float values will allows to get decimal numbers and a more accurate reading 
*//We use a the min voltage value, then max voltage value, and min percentage and max percentage
*//Then we ask the program to give us the corresponding percentage value within the parameters

  
  Serial.print("Battery Percentage = ");
  Serial.println(battery_percent);
  



       
  if (voltage > 7.0 && voltage < 8.2)            // THIS VALUES HAVE TO CHANGE ACCOrDING TO SOURCE
  {Serial.print("Low bat");                      // USE VOLTMETER TO FIND THE ACCURATE VOLTAGE
  }
  if (voltage <6.5)                              //cut-off value is at 5.4V according to specification , we use 6V
  {Serial.print("Replace Battery");
  }
  delay(1000);

 
*//We have included a notification that will tell us what is going on with the voltage and overall battery status
*//We include a parameter that will produce 2 warning signs: 
*// LOW BAT means that our battery is within 7 to 8.2V
*// REPLACE BATTERY means voltage has dropped below 6.5V, number obtained from data sheet

}
}

 float mapfloat(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max)
{
  return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}

*//here we include the parameters and equation that will serve as the backbone for the mapFloat function above.


void loop()
{

}


*// NO LOOP NEEDED,,, ONE VALUE WITH WARNING SHOULD BE DISPLAYED ON GRAFANA
  

</code>



===== Issues & Characteristics ======

The actual voltage will not be 100% accurate because the ADC pins have a non-linear behavior. This means according to the Figure # down below that, above a certain threshold the reading will produce equal inputs, thus we consider that from 3 to 3.3V the battery is at a 100% charge. 

Additionally we can see that the discharge behavior of the battery we are using, which is a model 6F22 is a curve that has a specific equation, we could find the curve's equation and use it to better represent the discharge values, however since we plan to upgrade our battery system we purposely used a simpler version in our code to achieve good enough results.  

^ {{ :amc2022:grouph:9v_battery_.png?400&nolink }}  ^ {{ :amc2022:grouph:adc_behaviour.png?nolink&600 |}}  ^
|  //**figure 5.3**// Graph depicting battery discharge for battery model 6F22 9v Source:https://www.mega-piles.com/im/PANASONIC-6F22-9V-CARBONE-ZINC_550.pdf                                                 | //**figure 5.4**// Graph depicting ADC voltage VS reading behavior for ESP32 micro controller. Source:https://microcontrollerslab.com/adc-esp32-measuring-voltage-example/                                                     |







===== Results ======

{{ :amc2022:grouph:voltage_divider_serialmonitor.png?nolink&400 |}}